The restrictions also include advanced chips, in the range of 6 or 7 nanometers, which are used in artificial intelligence (AI) related applications and in electric vehicles (EV). The restrictions also apply to Burma, Belarus, Cambodia and Russia, but the clear focus was China. The Biden administration has focused on "China decoupling" and reshoring key industry and jobs as part of its Build Back Better initiative.
The changes were effected in a somewhat unusual manner. BIS approached two U.S. companies by issuing what is known as an "informed letter," which in effect blocked these advanced chip producers from selling products used in integrated circuits (eg., AMD MI250 and NVIDIA premium AI accelerators) to China without a license. However, elsewhere BIS announced that there would be a presumption of denial for new licenses for these products. The restrictions in this case applied also to Hong Kong and Russia. The stated goal of these restrictions was to prevent the use of these advanced chips in "military activities" in China, but many believe that slowing China's growing leadership in EV production and EV batteries was part of the goal.
Certain rules to implement these new policies were published in the Federal Register on Oct. 13,2022, (87 FR 62186) as an interim rule with a stated purpose of protecting U.S national security and foreign policy interests, the latter most likely being to dominate the EV and supercomputer industries. These new rules are subject to comment until Dec. 12, 2022. New numbers were added to the Export Control Classification List to cover these new categories effective Oct. 7, 2022. A temporary general license has been issue for some products to avoid hardship in the transition.
These new regulations reflect a new, more stringent policy on supplying sensitive products to China. This can also be seen in the more recent Inflation Reduction Act, which limited tax credits on new EVs to vehicles with final assembly in the United States and with EV batteries containing a large percent of North American content, among other provisions.
Companies with commercial relationships with Chinese companies need to carefully understand these new provisions to avoid costly fines and penalties and possibly even potential criminal sanctions.
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